insufficient attunement slots dark souls

Dark Souls, a notoriously challenging action RPG developed by FromSoftware, has captivated gamers worldwide with its vast world, intricate lore, and demanding gameplay. One of the key mechanics that contribute to the game’s difficulty is the attunement system, which allows players to equip magical spells and upgrade their weapons. However, many players have encountered an issue known as “insufficient attunement slots.” In this article, we will delve into the world of Dark Souls, explore what causes this problem, and provide potential solutions.What are Attunement Slots?Before diving into the specifics of insufficient attunement slots, it’s essential to understand how the attunement system works.

  • Cash King Palace
    new
    Royal Wins100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Palace
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Starlight Betting Lounge
    Celestial Bet100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Spin Palace Casino
    Win Big Now100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Silver Fox Slots
    Elegance+Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Golden Spin Casino
    Luxury Play100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Royal Fortune Gaming
    Opulence & Thrills100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Casino
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Diamond Crown Casino
    Opulence & Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Victory Slots Resort
    Spin to Win100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more

insufficient attunement slots dark souls

Dark Souls, a notoriously challenging action RPG developed by FromSoftware, has captivated gamers worldwide with its vast world, intricate lore, and demanding gameplay. One of the key mechanics that contribute to the game’s difficulty is the attunement system, which allows players to equip magical spells and upgrade their weapons. However, many players have encountered an issue known as “insufficient attunement slots.” In this article, we will delve into the world of Dark Souls, explore what causes this problem, and provide potential solutions.

What are Attunement Slots?

Before diving into the specifics of insufficient attunement slots, it’s essential to understand how the attunement system works. In Dark Souls, players have a limited number of attunement slots available for their character. These slots determine the maximum number of spells that can be equipped simultaneously.

What is Insufficient Attunement Slots?

Insufficient attunement slots refer to a situation where a player’s character has run out of available attunement slots. This means they cannot equip any additional magical spells, even if they have sufficient slots for their gear. As a result, players are forced to choose between carrying less powerful spells or sacrificing space in their inventory for other items.

Causes of Insufficient Attunement Slots

There are several reasons why a player might encounter insufficient attunement slots:

  • Overextending Spell Loadout: Players who try to equip too many high-level spells may find themselves running out of attunement slots.
  • Gear and Upgrade Choices: Upgrading gear can increase its requirements for attunement, further reducing available slots.
  • Character Level and Attribute Balance: As players level up their character, they may need to rebalance their attributes or upgrade their equipment, leading to a shortage of attunement slots.

Potential Solutions

Fortunately, there are several ways to address insufficient attunement slots:

  1. Prioritize Spell Loadout: Players can focus on equipping the most essential spells and sacrifice less crucial ones.
  2. Upgrade Gear Wisely: Carefully plan upgrades to avoid increasing gear requirements unnecessarily.
  3. Character Attribute Rebalancing: Adjust character attributes or upgrade equipment strategically to maintain an optimal balance between attunement slots and other necessities.
  4. Consider Alternative Playstyles: Players can experiment with different playstyles, such as focusing on melee combat or using less spell-intensive builds.

Insufficient attunement slots can be a frustrating issue in Dark Souls, but understanding the causes and potential solutions can help players overcome this challenge. By prioritizing spell loadout, upgrading gear wisely, rebalancing character attributes, and considering alternative playstyles, players can continue to explore the world of Lordran with confidence.

attunement slots dark souls 3

Dark Souls III, the final installment of the beloved Dark Souls series, introduced a new system called attunement slots. This mechanic allows players to wield multiple magical and physical abilities at once, making combat more dynamic and challenging. In this article, we’ll delve into the world of attunement slots in Dark Souls 3, explaining how they work, their importance in gameplay, and strategies for optimal use.

What are Attunement Slots?

Attunement slots refer to the limited number of abilities a player can wield simultaneously. This cap is represented by three attunement slots, which can be filled with various spells, miracles, or pyromancies from the Dark Souls III’s vast magical arsenal. The attunement system allows for an exciting mix of abilities, enhancing gameplay and strategic depth.

Types of Spells That Use Attunement Slots

Dark Souls 3 features a wide array of magic, each drawing upon one or more of these limited slots. This includes:

  • Spells: These are the most common type of ability, with various effects such as elemental damage (fire, lightning), healing, buffing, and more.
  • Miracles: A subset of spells, miracles in Dark Souls 3 offer unique properties like increased magic resistances or invasions. They usually occupy one attunement slot each.
  • Pyromancies: This category focuses on fire-based spells, also occupying a single slot.

Attunement Slot Capacity

Players have three attunement slots at their disposal, which can be filled with combinations of the aforementioned magical abilities. The capacity to wield such diverse powers adds complexity and strategy to combat encounters in Dark Souls 3.

Tips for Managing Attunement Slots

Effective use of attunement slots is crucial for success in Dark Souls III’s challenging world. Here are some strategies to keep in mind:

  • Choose the right spells: Pick abilities that complement your playstyle, focusing on ones that offer synergistic effects or augment your existing strengths.
  • Manage your loadout: Carefully select and balance your attunements according to the situations you’ll face. This requires a good understanding of the enemies’ weaknesses and tactics.
  • Experiment with different combinations: Don’t be afraid to try out various attunement sets to find what works best for you.

Attunement slots in Dark Souls 3 add an exciting layer of depth to gameplay, allowing players to experiment with a wide range of abilities. Understanding how these mechanics work is essential for overcoming the challenges that this game has to offer. By learning to effectively manage your attunements and choose the right spells, you’ll be better equipped to face the undead hordes head-on.

In conclusion, Dark Souls 3’s attunement system offers a rich gaming experience by blending strategy and exploration with intense combat encounters.

attunement slots dark souls 3

“Dark Souls 3,” the third installment in the critically acclaimed Dark Souls series, is renowned for its challenging gameplay, intricate lore, and deep character customization. One of the key aspects of this customization is the use of attunement slots, which allow players to equip and use various spells and miracles. This guide will delve into the intricacies of attunement slots, how they work, and how to maximize their potential in your journey through Lothric.

What are Attunement Slots?

Attunement slots are essentially slots that allow you to equip and use spells, miracles, and pyromancies. Each slot can hold one of these abilities, and the number of slots you have determines how many abilities you can use simultaneously. The more attunement slots you have, the more versatile your character can become in combat.

Key Points About Attunement Slots:

  • Initial Slots: At the start of the game, you have only one attunement slot.
  • Increasing Slots: You can increase the number of attunement slots by leveling up your Intelligence or Faith attributes.
  • Slot Cost: Each additional slot requires a certain number of points in either Intelligence or Faith, depending on the type of ability you wish to use.

How to Increase Attunement Slots

To increase your attunement slots, you need to invest points into the Intelligence or Faith attributes. Here’s a breakdown of how many points are required for each additional slot:

Intelligence-Based Slots:

  • 1st Slot: 10 Intelligence
  • 2nd Slot: 12 Intelligence
  • 3rd Slot: 14 Intelligence
  • 4th Slot: 16 Intelligence
  • 5th Slot: 18 Intelligence
  • 6th Slot: 20 Intelligence
  • 7th Slot: 22 Intelligence
  • 8th Slot: 24 Intelligence
  • 9th Slot: 26 Intelligence
  • 10th Slot: 28 Intelligence

Faith-Based Slots:

  • 1st Slot: 10 Faith
  • 2nd Slot: 12 Faith
  • 3rd Slot: 14 Faith
  • 4th Slot: 16 Faith
  • 5th Slot: 18 Faith
  • 6th Slot: 20 Faith
  • 7th Slot: 22 Faith
  • 8th Slot: 24 Faith
  • 9th Slot: 26 Faith
  • 10th Slot: 28 Faith

Hybrid Slots:

  • 1st Slot: 10 Intelligence or 10 Faith
  • 2nd Slot: 12 Intelligence or 12 Faith
  • 3rd Slot: 14 Intelligence or 14 Faith
  • 4th Slot: 16 Intelligence or 16 Faith
  • 5th Slot: 18 Intelligence or 18 Faith
  • 6th Slot: 20 Intelligence or 20 Faith
  • 7th Slot: 22 Intelligence or 22 Faith
  • 8th Slot: 24 Intelligence or 24 Faith
  • 9th Slot: 26 Intelligence or 26 Faith
  • 10th Slot: 28 Intelligence or 28 Faith

Maximizing Your Attunement Slots

To get the most out of your attunement slots, consider the following strategies:

1. Attribute Distribution:

  • Pure Casters: If you plan to focus on spells or miracles, invest heavily in Intelligence or Faith, respectively.
  • Hybrid Builds: For a more balanced approach, distribute points between Intelligence and Faith to access a wider range of abilities.

2. Equipment Considerations:

  • Catalysts: Ensure you have the right catalysts for your spells. Different catalysts offer varying benefits, such as increased damage or reduced FP cost.
  • Armor: Some armor sets provide bonuses to Intelligence or Faith, which can indirectly increase your attunement slots.

3. Spell Selection:

  • Versatility: Choose a mix of offensive, defensive, and utility spells to cover all combat scenarios.
  • FP Management: Be mindful of your FP (focus points) usage. Some spells are more FP-intensive than others, so plan accordingly.

Attunement slots are a crucial aspect of character customization in “Dark Souls 3.” By understanding how they work and strategically investing in your Intelligence or Faith attributes, you can create a versatile and powerful character capable of tackling the game’s myriad challenges. Whether you’re a spellcaster, a miracle user, or a hybrid, optimizing your attunement slots will significantly enhance your gameplay experience.

attunement slots 5e

In Dungeons & Dragons 5th Edition (D&D 5e), attunement slots play a crucial role in managing the magical items your character can wield. Understanding how attunement works and how to manage your slots effectively is essential for any player looking to optimize their character’s capabilities.

What Are Attunement Slots?

Attunement slots are a limited resource in D&D 5e that dictate how many magical items a character can attune to at any given time. Attuning to an item allows the character to gain its magical benefits and use its powers.

Key Points About Attunement Slots:

  • Number of Slots: Characters typically start with 3 attunement slots, but this can vary based on class features, race, and other factors.
  • Attunement Process: To attune to an item, a character must spend a short rest interacting with the item. This process can be interrupted.
  • Unattunement: A character can unattune from an item at any time, freeing up an attunement slot.

Managing Your Attunement Slots

Effectively managing your attunement slots is crucial for maximizing your character’s potential. Here are some strategies to help you do so:

1. Prioritize Essential Items

  • Armor and Weapons: Focus on attuning to armor and weapons that provide significant bonuses or unique abilities.
  • Utility Items: Consider items that offer utility, such as scrolls, potions, or magical trinkets that can aid in various situations.

2. Balance Power and Flexibility

  • High-Power Items: Attune to items that offer the most significant boosts to your character’s abilities.
  • Flexible Items: Choose items that can be unattuned and re-attuned as needed, allowing you to adapt to different challenges.

3. Utilize Class Features

  • Extra Slots: Some classes offer additional attunement slots. For example, the Warlock class gains extra slots through the Mystic Arcanum feature.
  • Item-Specific Features: Certain class features allow characters to use specific items without needing to attune to them.

4. Plan for Future Items

  • Future Gear: Consider future items you might acquire and plan your attunement slots accordingly.
  • Trade-Offs: Be prepared to make trade-offs between items, especially if you anticipate acquiring more powerful or essential items later.

Common Magical Items and Attunement

Understanding which items require attunement can help you manage your slots more effectively. Here are some common examples:

Items Requiring Attunement:

  • Armor: Many magical armors, such as the Mithral Armor or the Plate Armor of Etherealness, require attunement.
  • Weapons: Weapons like the Sword of Sharpness or the Frost Brand require attunement to unlock their full potential.
  • Rings and Amulets: Items such as the Ring of Protection or the Amulet of Health often require attunement.

Items Not Requiring Attunement:

  • Potions and Scrolls: These consumable items do not require attunement, making them versatile and easy to use.
  • Non-Magical Gear: Standard adventuring gear and non-magical items do not require attunement.

Attunement slots are a vital aspect of character management in D&D 5e. By prioritizing essential items, balancing power and flexibility, utilizing class features, and planning for future gear, you can maximize your character’s potential and navigate the challenges of the game more effectively. Understanding the intricacies of attunement will not only enhance your gameplay but also deepen your immersion in the rich world of Dungeons & Dragons.

Frequently Questions

How can I manage insufficient attunement slots in Dark Souls?

Managing insufficient attunement slots in Dark Souls involves strategic planning. Prioritize key spells and weapons that offer significant advantages in combat. Use items like the Titanite Shard to upgrade weapons to +10, reducing the need for attunement slots. Equip the Cleric or Sorcerer class for more slots. Engage in PvP to gain Humanity, which increases slots temporarily. Craft and use the Green Blossom item to restore attunement points. Lastly, consider using the Ring of the Sun's Talisman for an additional slot. Balancing your arsenal with these tactics ensures efficient use of limited attunement slots.

What are the consequences of using too many attunement slots in Dark Souls 3?

Using too many attunement slots in Dark Souls 3 can significantly hinder your gameplay. Each slot requires attunement points, which are limited and crucial for casting spells. Over-attuning can leave you with insufficient points for essential spells, compromising your combat effectiveness. Additionally, managing numerous spells can be cumbersome, affecting your ability to switch quickly in battle. This imbalance can lead to increased difficulty, especially against powerful foes. To maintain optimal performance, it's advisable to carefully select and manage your attunement slots, ensuring you have the right spells for each situation without overburdening your attunement capacity.

 

What are the best strategies for using attunement slots in Dark Souls 3?

In Dark Souls 3, effectively managing attunement slots is crucial for optimizing your gameplay. Prioritize high-damage or utility spells that align with your build, such as Soul Spear or Homeward. Balance your slots between offensive and defensive spells to adapt to various combat scenarios. Save slots for boss fights, using less critical spells during exploration. Regularly reassess your spell usage based on your current level and the enemies you face. By carefully selecting and managing your attunement slots, you can enhance your combat efficiency and survival rate in Dark Souls 3.

Can I increase my attunement slots in Dark Souls 3?

Yes, you can increase your attunement slots in Dark Souls 3 by leveling up your Intelligence stat. Each point invested in Intelligence increases your attunement slots by one, up to a maximum of 10 slots. This allows you to equip and switch between more spells and items during combat. Additionally, certain armor sets and rings can provide temporary boosts to your attunement slots, enhancing your spellcasting flexibility. Balancing your Intelligence with other stats like Vitality and Endurance will ensure you maintain a robust character build while maximizing your magical capabilities.

What are the best strategies for using attunement slots in Dark Souls 3?

In Dark Souls 3, effectively managing attunement slots is crucial for optimizing your gameplay. Prioritize high-damage or utility spells that align with your build, such as Soul Spear or Homeward. Balance your slots between offensive and defensive spells to adapt to various combat scenarios. Save slots for boss fights, using less critical spells during exploration. Regularly reassess your spell usage based on your current level and the enemies you face. By carefully selecting and managing your attunement slots, you can enhance your combat efficiency and survival rate in Dark Souls 3.